Background

T-shirts are durable, versatile garments with mass appeal that may be worn as outerwear or underwear. Since their creation in 1920, T-shirts have evolved into a two-billion dollar market. T-shirts are available in a variety of colors, patterns, and styles, such as the standard crew neck and V-neck, as well as tank tops and scoop necks. T-shirt sleeves may be short or long, capped, yoked, or raglan. Additional features include pockets and decorative trim. T-shirts are also popular garments on which to display one’s interests, tastes, and affiliations using customized screen prints or heat transfers. Printed shirts may feature political slogans, humor, art, sports, as well as famous people and places. T-shirts are also inexpensive promotional vehicles for products and special events.

T-shirts fit just about anyone in any size, from infants to seniors. Adult sizes are generally small, medium, large, and extra-large, while sizes for toddlers are detennined by month and weight. In addition, to compensate for the larger heads of infants relative to their bodies, shirts are specially designed with shoulder openings that may be fastened with buttons or snaps.

Raw Material

The majority of T-shirts are made of 100% cotton, polyester, or a cotton/polyester blend. Environmentally conscious manufacturers may use organically grown cotton and natural dyes. Stretchable T-shirts are made of knit fabrics, especially jerseys, rib knits, and interlock rib knits, which consist of two ribbed fabrics that are joined together. Jerseys are most frequently used since they are versatile, comfortable, and relatively inexpensive. They also are a popular material for applying screen prints and heat transfers. Some jerseys come in tubular form, simplifying the production process by reducing the number of seams. Rib knit fabrics are often used when a snugger fit is desired. Many higher quality T-shirts are made of durable interlock rib knit fabrics.

Neckbands add support to the garment and give the neckline of the T-shirt a more finished look. Neckbands are generally one-by-one inch rib knits, although heavier fabrics or higher quality T-shirts may require two-by-two rib knits. Neckband fabrics may be tubed rib knits of specific widths, or flat fabric that must be seamed. Additional T-shirt materials include tape or seam binding, made of a twill or another stiff fabric. Binding reinforces the neckline and shoulder seams and by covering the seams, it protects them from ripping apart under tension. Alternatively, elastic may be used at the shoulder seams so they remain flexible.

Thread is of course an essential element in sewing any garment. Several types and colors of thread may be used to make a single T-shirt. Some manufacturers use white thread for seams on all their shirts, regardless of color, thus eliminating the extra labor involved in changing the thread. Visible topstitching is done with a color of thread that blends with the fabric. Colorless, or monofilament, thread could be used for hems of any color fabric, again eliminating the need to change thread often, though monofilament thread may irritate the skin somewhat. Finally, optional decorative features may include trim, such as braiding,

Making T-shirts is a fairly simple and largely automated process. Specially designed machines integrate cutting, assembling, and stitching for the most efficient operations.

contrasting cuffs, appliqués, and heat transfer or screen print designs.

The Manufacturing Process

Making T-shirts is a fairly simple and largely automated process. Specially designed machines integrate cutting, assembling, and stitching for the most efficient operations. The most commonly used seams for T-shirts are narrow, superimposed seams, which are usually made by placing one piece of fabric onto another and lining up the seam edges. These seams are frequently stitched with an overedge stitch, which requires one needle thread from above and two looper threads from below. This particular seam and stitch combination results in a flexible finished seam.

Another type of seam that may be used for T-shirts are bound seams, in which a narrow piece of fabric is folded around a seam, as at the neckline. These seams may be stitched together using a lockstitch, chainstitch, or overedge stitch. Depending on the style of the T-shirt, the order in which the garment is assembled may vary slightly.

Styling

• 1 The T-shirt style is designed and the dimensions are transferred to patterns. Adjustments are made for size differences and stylistic preferences.

Cutting

• 2 The T-shirt sections are cut to the dimensions of the patterns. The pieces consist of a tubed body, or separate front and back sections, sleeves, perhaps pockets, and trim.

Assembling the front and back

• 3 For fabric that is not tubed, the separate pieces for the front and back sections must be stitched together at the sides. They are joined at the seam lines to form a simple, narrow, superimposed seam and stitched together using an overedge stitch. Care must be taken to avoid a needle cutting the yarn of the fabric, which can lead to tears in the garment.

Assembling the sleeves

• 4 The hems of sleeves are generally finished before they are fitted into the garment, since it is easier to hem the fabric while it is flat. An automated system moves the sleeves to the sewing head by conveyor. The edge may be finished by folding it over, forming the hem and stitching, or by applying a band. The band may be attached as a superimposed seam or folded over the edge as binding.
• 5 If the T-shirt body is tubular, the sleeve material is first sewn together, and then set into the garment. Alternatively, if the T-shirt is “cut and sewn,” the unseamed sleeve is set into place. Later during the final stage of sewing the shirt, the sleeve and side seams are sewn in one action.

Stitching the hem

• 6 The garment hem is commonly sewn with an overedge stitch, resulting in a flexible hem. The tension of the stitch should be loose enough to allow stretching the garment without tearing the fabric. Alternative hem styles include a combination of edge finishing stitches.

Adding pockets

• 7 Pockets may be sewn onto T-shirts intended for casual wear. Higher quality T-shirts will insert an interlining into the pocket so that it maintains its shape. The interlining is inserted into the pocket as it is sewn onto the T-shirt front. Pockets may be attached to the garment with automated setters, so the operator only has to arrange the fabric pieces, and the mechanical setter positions the pocket and stitches the seam.

Stitching the shoulder seams

• 8 Generally, shoulder seams require a simple superimposed seam. Higher quality T-shirt manufacturers may reinforce seams with tape or elastic. Depending on the style of the T-shirt, the seams at the shoulder may be completed before or after the neckband is attached. For instance, if a tubular neckband is to be applied, the shoulder seams must first be closed.

Attaching the neckband

• 9 For crew neck shirts, the neck edge should be slightly shorter in circumference than the outer edge where it is attached to the garment. Thus, the neckband must be stretched just the right amount to prevent bulging. Tubular neckbands are applied manually. The bands are folded, wrong sides together, stretched slightly, and aligned with the neckline. The superimposed seam is stitched with an overedge stitch.Bound seams are finished with a cover stitch and are easy to achieve. Bound seams may be used on a variety of neckline styles. The process entails feeding ribbed fabric through machines which fold the fabric and apply tension to it.Some neckbands on lower-priced shirts are attached separately to the front and back necklines of the garment. Thus when the shoulder seams are stitched, seams are visible on the neckband.

  V-necks require the extra step of either lapping or mitering the neckband. In the former process, one side is folded over the other. A mitered seam is more complex, requiring an operator to overlap the band accurately and stitch the band at center front. An easier method for a V-neck look is to attach the band to the neckline and then sew a tuck to form a V.

Finishing the neckline

• 10 Necklines with superimposed seams may be taped, so that the shirt is stronger and more comfortable. Tape may be extended across the back and over the shoulder seams to reinforce this area as well and to flatten the seam. The seam is then cover stitched or top stitched.

Label setting

• 11 One or more labels are usually attached at the back of the neckline. Labels provide information about the manufacturer, size, fabric content, and washing instructions.

Optional features

• 12 Some T-shirts will have trim or screen prints added for decorative purposes. Special T-shirts for infants have larger openings at the head. The shoulder seams are left open near the neck, and buttons or other fasteners are attached.

Finishing operations

• 13 T-shirts are inspected for flaws in the fabric, stitching, and thread.
• 14 High-quality T-shirts may be pressed through steam tunnels before they are packaged. Packaging depends on the type of T-shirt and the intended distribution outlet. For underwear, the shirts are folded and packaged in pre-printed bags, usually of clear plastic, that list information about the product. Shirts may be boarded, or folded around a piece of cardboard, so that they maintain their shape during shipping and on the shelf. Finally, they are placed into boxes by the dozen or half-dozen.

Quality Control

Most of the operations in manufacturing clothing are regulated by federal and inter-national guidelines. Manufacturers may also set guidelines for the company. There are standards that apply specifically to the T-shirt industry, which include proper sizing and fit, appropriate needles and seams, types of stitches, and the number of stitches per inch. Stitches must be loose enough to allow the garment to stretch without breaking the seam. Hems must be flat and wide enough to prevent curling. T-shirts must also be inspected for proper application of neck-lines, which should rest flat against the body. The neckline should also recover properly after being slightly stretched.

Future

Exposure to sun’s harmful rays has become a concern to many people who enjoy outdoor activities. In addition to sunscreen and sun glasses, sun-blocking T-shirts are now available. Founded by Harvey Schakowsky, SPF Wear company has introduced a line of clothing, including T-shirts, that blocks out 93-99% of ultraviolet rays. A typical T-shirt blocks out only 50% of the rays. Using a fabric called Solarweave, these new T-shirts are made out of synthetically woven nylon treated with a special chemical substance.

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Even after a homeowner has chosen the perfect color for a room, there’s another very important decision to make. With 5 or 6 paint finishes to choose from, you should learn the benefits of each and determine the right one for your job. Should you use flat or satin and why? Browse these tips on selecting the perfect paint finishes for your interior home applications.

Matte Finish
Whether called flat finish or wall paint, this type of interior paint has a matte surface. This paint finish is usually used on interior walls. It’s expecially good if you have to camouflage small wall bumps, cracks, or other imperfections, as this finish does not reflect light. While some flat paints are advertised as washable today, you may need to touch up scratches or marks by covering with a bit more paint, so be sure you keep some on hand after you’ve finished painting.

Flat Enamel
Flat enamel is a paint with a durable flat, matte finish. It’s a good choice for powder rooms and halls, as it holds up to occasional cleaning.

Eggshell Finish
If you can picture the very low sheen of the shell of an egg, you have an idea of how an eggshell paint finish will appear. With only a slight hint of shine or gloss, it’s good for walls and holds up better with cleaning than a flat finish paint.

Satin Finish
Satin finish paint has a smooth, velvety look with a bit more gloss. It is most often used for windows, doors, trim, or ceilings, but can also be used as wall paint. This is particularly suitable for kids’ room walls, kitchens, or bathrooms, or in areas which get a lot of traffic. Paint with a satin finish is formulated to hold up to cleaning and light scrubbing.

Semi-Gloss
Semi-gloss paint is most often used on doors, trim, and cabinets in kitchens and bathrooms. It is easily cleaned and lays down a nice, subtle shine, without being too glitzy. Take care with pre-paint preparation work, as poorly prepared surfaces can be a bit distracting when highlighted by a semi-gloss surface.

Glossy
High gloss paints have an almost reflective quality, as their shiny finish mimics the look of enamel or plastic. Though not widely used in home interiors, it is becoming more popular for a dramatic look on cabinets, trim, and furniture in very formal and very contemporary settings. This finish will magnify any surface imperfections, so careful preparation and sanding is essential before painting with high gloss paints.

sources : www.interiordec.about.com

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Own design inspiration just because the designers want to change a paradigm that a house should have a regular shape and hence creates a strange house, cool isn’t it?

here the picture :

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Periodically, these elements could change, both the quality and form. This is caused  internal and external factors. Examples of internal factors such as wooden structure columns, the surface can slowly destroyed by termites.

Not only from shaping the structure and building materials factors, renovation also came from eskternal factor,  in this case the needs of the home or building owner. The number of members of the household increases, for example, is one cause. Another cause is a condition that is not comfortable house to live or housing conditions that do not suit your needs. Generally this occurs because buying a house from the developer.

Whole of this problem is not a problem especially when the funds. For that to have a plan to renovate the house to think of a mature and wise. Do not let the fact renovation activity stalled in the middle of the road or your initial goal is not reached.

While preparing for the factors mentioned above, start looking for information about the design and materials from various sources. You can request the assistance of experts if you plan to renovate the house is medium or large. This way you will have a design image easily understood by artisans or foremen. In addition, you always try to design discipline and time that have been planned to avoid swelling the budget and time estimates specified time not stretch.

We know the home renovation process in general:

bulk
If all things related to the planned renovations are done, a good idea to use the bulk system. However, because the contractor after the deadline has been given, there are times when the quality is not good.

daily
In contrast to the bulk, if the implementation plan was not yet ripe but not yet urgent condition, you select daily carpenter system. In terms of quality will be better workmanship and detail. But be careful, could delay the process.

ps :

daydaily.com are a free website about all daily activities, it contain about house design interior, travel activity and hotel review, medical treatment, parenting and also all daily tips. So, you can share and get information about anything, interested? Just send us an email and we will publish your experience.

daydaily.com also would help to publish your advertisement with banner, text link add, or a post review, you can contact us through the email below :

pipinpramudia@yahoo.com

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1. work your artwork in and arround the furniture for surprising twist. you will find a host of illustration that show you ideas on hanging artwork low on the wall, tucked in between a lamp and sofa or chair.

2. create a new focal point in a dull room by bringing your china cabinet into the living room, for instance. Accessories the shelves with decorative plants, pictures, books, vases, candles, etc. You’ll need to remove the doors first so these things can be seen and appreciated.

3. look throughout your home for unique pieces of furniture that aren’t getting the attention they deserve. Bring them into the living room or family room where they will be functional and more appreciated.

4. For a custom look on your ready made drapes, sew on bullion fringe to the bottom or use a hot glue gun to attach it. It will really take them to the next level quite easily and quickly.

5. If you really want to be creative and unique, try using odd things for rods: old golf clubs, PVC pipe that has been decorated, a broom stick, tennis rackets that have been jazzed up. You get the idea.

6. Stack old suitcases on top of each other to create an instant lamp table or a small coffee table. Drape a scarf over them or set books on top of them. I have a decorative storage box sitting on top of an old suitcase in one of my rooms.

7. Plate racks can become instant cornices at your windows. As the seasons change, so do the plates.

8. For the most spacious feeling in a room, the ceiling should be white. But you might want a cozy look. Consider painting the ceiling an accent color or mounting faux beams. Create surprise by hanging potted plants from high beams in a vaulted ceiling room.

9. Look for unusual items to collected together and mount in a shadow box. It can become a very good conversation piece. Don’t try to arrange too many things together in one place as that can become tedious to look at. Just 3-5 items for that really custom and surprising decor.

10. An inverted “V” arrangement facing the focal point will give you a change of pace from the more standard arrangement configurations.

11. Look for other stable pieces of furniture to place in front of your sofa other than the standard coffee table. Try ottomans, a large chest, a chess set on a display, stacked futons.

12. Need a quick inexpensive curtain rod? Try a garden stake and slip rings over it to draw the curtain.

thats all the simple tips to make your interior more cool, we hope that simple tips are useful for you
regards

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Transportation
Easy is the access to the house? In addition to the access road will pass your personal vehicle, how to access public transport, like trains, buses, or taxi? School. Are there a good school close to home so your children do not need to go to school too far?

Shop
How the availability of provider stores of everyday needs in your new house location? Is there a supermarket, restaurant, or mall?

Entertainment
If the house you select is located in the housing, usually as a means of entertainment playground, swimming pool, tennis courts, and others are provided by the developer. But, if not located in the housing, easy access to entertainment facilities like that should be considered.

The police station and hospital
Gallery culture & libraries. This is often missed from consideration, but growing interest in art and literature can be done with used to take the children to the library or art galleries.
Places of worship. A healthy spiritual life is very important in the life of this increasingly challenging.

Social community in the neighborhood
What kind of community environment around you. Are they very secular, multiracial, or just the opposite is mono race and monoculture?

Developing  issues
Nothing wrong with checking into the City Administration Office of plan area designation, the location of the house was located, so you do not already buy a house in a place that might be evicted.

Gadget and Furniture
You should make sure that the house are equipped with a good gadget and furniture, it means that the gadget of the furniture are ready to use, save to your children, and save your monthly bill

regards

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1. Angel Ivy Ring Topiary

Use this fast-growing angel ivy topiary (also known as wire vine) as a lush, living frame for seasonal flowers and bulbs that you can plant at the base of the ring.

2. Braided Ficus Tree

Easy care and adaptability have made the ficus one of the most popular plants grown by indoor gardeners. The variegated foliage and the braided stems of this ficus will really catch your attention.

3. Cactus Combo Bonsai

Bring a touch of the Southwest into your home with a miniature cactus garden. With its unusual plant forms and temperature and moisture adaptability, cacti are an intriguing group of plants.

4. Chamaedorea Palm

This whimsical palm will remind you of the old South. With wispy leaves and easy movement, this plant can bring a taste of the tropics to any part of your home..

5. Chinese Evergreen

Chinese Evergreen is an excellent selection for beginning green thumbs because it’s a low-light lover and low maintenance. It’s also rated highly as an indoor purifier.

6. Miniature Herb Standard Topiaries

Standard in shape and miniature in stature, this trio of tiny herbal topiaries (lavender, rosemary and serissa) will turn any sunny spot into a celebration of all things green and growing.

7. Moth Orchid, Novelty Stripes

If you love fresh flowers, but your garden doesn’t produce enough bouquets to place in every room, try a living bouquet — an easy-to-grow orchid.

8. Ponytail Palm

For those of you who forget to water your plants — this is the one for you! With a whirl and a flick, the foliage of ponytail palm arises from an unusual swollen trunk and needs little attention to maintain its beauty. by the droves.

9. Tropical Combo Bonsai

Cultivate a tropical garden in any small corner! With these miniature ceramic rock gardens, mixed with fun foliage plants, you can get a taste of the tropics right on your desk. ?

10. Amaryllis, ‘Yellow Goddess’

Enjoy a taste of spring indoors with the goddess of flowers, the amaryllis. This “Yellow Goddess” variation bears soft yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers touched with green at the throat.

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Before making a decision, first learn the things that need to be known by every housewife.

1.be proud with what are you doing.
When people ask what your job, answer with pride that you are a homemaker. Nothing to be ashamed or feel insecure. People who underestimate the profession, housewives, did not know how busy the work of a housewife and what the benefits for families. “My children have only one childhood, I can pursue my career lately,” said Jackie, a housewife as quoted ivillage.com

2. Keep in touch with your friends.
Having female friends is the best support for a housewife, especially when they are also mother-housewife. When the children grew and independent, women have more free time to be with close friends.

3. Arrange Schedule
Having a routine and create to-do list will make you more regular. “I have three primary calendar. One for health care, such as check-up schedule to the doctor, and others. Another calendar for the school schedule, such as meeting with teachers at school, holidays, and others. Last calendar year is reschedule. Do not bebani children with a solid schedule. Remember children need time to play, “said Barb.

4. Stay Creative
Find time for yourself. Use for hobbies, making crafts, involved in parent organizations at school children. The point is you have to have activities in addition to routine household work and take care of the children.

“I like to fix things. Paint, make door hanger, a new accessory attached to the furniture. I routinely look for something to be packed as a Christmas present, “said Jackie. Jeanne, another housewife, said he was writing a book. “The book is friendly to the children of housewives who lived in the house in full, from the perspective of children,” said Jeanne.

Barb, advised housewives to kretif in managing finances. “Save on shopping. The best tips is a simple life. Make a simple food, prepared budget. Forget about unnecessary equipment, and enjoy being together with the children. Love and your attention is what they need, not a toy or the latest gadgets, “said Barb.

the tips above are very simple tips for the new housewife, in order maximize the tips, please use your own brain

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Last night i decided to turn my new white shiny plastic floor, which i had put over the horrible light wooden floor, back into a wooden floor. With a fat black marker.

No sketching, no real plan. Just doodling along all over the floor. The result is amazingly attention-grabbing. On the edge of psychosis inducing.

It all began when i wanted to get rid of the wooden floors that were in my apartment when i bought it. Tearing it up would be a lot of work(obviously) and stupid(because even if i don’t like it, i know replacing it with plastic floor would lower the value of this apartment remarkably when i’m going to sell it one day).
So i started looking for a way to keep the original floor, but cover it with a white shiny surface. Painting it would possibly ruin the floor, and it would require a complete floor grind. No other solutions seemed to be available. Until i one day saw a roll of self-adhesive vinyl film in the hardware store. People use it for cupboards and car decals, why wouldn’t it work on a floor? The staff at the store said it would never work of course. “It won’t last blah blah blah leave marks blah blah do it proper blah”.

But i was optimistic. I don’t need something to last for 10 years, if it looks good for one year and is easy to remove it’s way better! And it’s cheap too. So i bought a roll and tried it out.

The result is great. The film is so thin you can even see the structure of the wood on it. It’s like paint that you can tear up as many times as you wish. And you don’t need to grind or polish the floor, just vacuum it before you apply the film. It doesn’t leave any marks or traces of glue on my floor, but i don’t know if that goes for every type of wood. And it’s more durable than you think. After a couple of months you will have a few minor tears. But not much worse than a painted floor.

And i love the feeling of disposability in interiors, it enables you to experiment with it.
Like turning it into a huge doodle.

this articles was taken from here

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