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beautiful aurora

cittogarph castle india

colorful villages

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10 – $734,000 – Breguet pocket watch 1907BA/12

Built by the centuries-old watchmaker credited with creating a device to foil gravity, Breguet’s pocket piece is an 18-karat yellow-gold case with a hand-engraved movement and a two-way rotating crown. [pic via]

9 – $800,000 – Blancpain 1735, Grande Complication

Between the crocodile leather strap of the Blancpain 1735 lies 740 watch parts and a year in the live of a dedicated watchmaker. The watch has a platinum case and elements displaying a perpetual calendar, lunar phase and a split-second chronograph. [pic via]

8 – $860,000 – Louis Moinet Magistralis

Inside the Louis Moinet Magistralis rests a piece of a 2,000-year-old lunar meteorite. Outside, the 18-karat gold watch has a movement that displays a minute repeater, perpetual calendar and a push-button chronograph. [pic via]

7 – $1 million – Hublot Black Caviar Bang

Made from an 18-karat white-gold case packed with 322 diamonds, the Hublot Black Caviar is the most unassuming timepiece on our list. Still, diamonds are packed onto every spare square of space, including 179 crammed onto the bezel and 30 encrusted on the clasp. [pic via]

6 – $1.1 million – The Chopard Super Ice Cube

This Chopard has 66 carats worth of diamond-encrusted glory. It’s gaudy, ugly, square-faced and worth more than a million — just like Ice Cube. [pic via]

5 – $1.3 million – Patek Philippe Sky Moon Tourbillon

Patek Philippe. Get used to that name, you’ll be seeing it again. This rare timepiece has two faces and a reputation as being the watchmaker’s most complicated model. It has a perpetual calendar, retrograde date and lists the lunar phase. A flip of the watch reveals a celestial view detailing the sidereal time and a skychart that traces the stars and phase and orbit of the moon. [pic via]

4 – $1.5 million – Vacheron Constantin Tour de l’Ile

There are 834 parts inside the Vacheron Constain’s Tour de l’lle, a watch considered “the most complicated watch ever made” by some. The watch lists two time zones, gives the sunset time, has a perpetual calendar and an astronomical indicator of the night sky. [pic via]

3 – $4 million – Patek Philippe’s Platinum World Time

A $4 million auction bid made Patek Philippe’s Platinum World Time the most expensive watch in 2002. The self-winding watch displays each of the 24 time zones and is known for its readability, user friendliness and having separate and switchable night and day tones. [pic via]

2 – $11 million – Patek Phillipe’s Supercomplication

Patek Philippe’s supercomplicated creation is also super expensive. The famed watchmaker finished the timepiece in 1932, a four year-long commission to create a watch for Henry Graves Jr., who had waged watch-war with James Ward Packard. The yellow-gold watch has two faces and 24 complications and was bought at a Sotheby’s auction for a little over $11 million. [pic via]

1 – $25 million – 201-carat Chopard

The watch face is somewhere there in the middle, surrounded by 201 carats. This watch-bracelet comes with a trio of heart-shaped diamonds: A 15-carat pink diamond, 12-carat blue diamond and an 11-carat white diamond, all of which open when a spring-loaded mechanism. More than 600 yellow diamonds are sprinkled alongside 91 or so colorless diamonds. [pic via]

Thanks for reading, StyleCravers, Diggers, Stumblers and more.  So what do you think?  A little outrageous, huh?  Do you feel that some of these fine watches justify their price?  Let us know in the comments, we’d love to know your take on this!

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Who wants to wallow in the stress brought by holiday gift-giving? Holidays need not always put you in a major state of panic. Here’s how to breeze through the holiday season with these tips on buying gifts.

1. Say no to a rigid gift list.

This doesn’t mean that when you arrive on a situation like when you get to see a “spunkier” Ipod when you originally thought of giving out a Walkman, you’ll always give in. The thing is that you should be open to alternatives with your choice of gifts. You might as wel, jot down all the possible options on that gift on your list in case you’re having a hard time looking for it.

2. Nifty over Hefty.

An expensive price tag does not necessarily mean a perfect gift. What is more appreciated is creativity and when someone puts in genuine effort. Your budget does not have to suffer so much during the holidays. Doing your homework will get you a long, long way.

3. Doing some favor is a labor of love.

Instead of material presents, an act of kindness can very well serve as a very valuable holiday gift. One may run errands or do things like babysit for a busy aunt, cook dinner for a couple, or do a car wash. Of course, just don’t forget to do this for free. One more thing, you can also do this goodie-two-shoes stuff not only for your family and friends but also for those less-fortunate.

4. Techie not Newbie.

For those who are still thinking that the Internet is only a mirage of the future, please wake up. You’re so late! Online shopping is one of the many conveniences the Internet offers. Just click the mouse and voila! Before you are a wide array of brands and pricelists for your choice of gifts. Amazon.com, EBay, and Overstock.com are just a few of the best web sites that can help you in this endeavor. Just remember to provide ample time for delivery.

5. Comfort Zone.

During the commotion from shopping for holiday gifts, it’s wise to wear your most comfortable outfits. This will make it easier for you to rummage through shelves of stuffs and will make scurrying not much of a hassle.

6. Early Bird Gets the Most Appreciation

Yes, there’s still no better way of dealing with this gift-buying problem but to do it ahead of time. Creating your list about two months before the “season to be jolly” will help a lot in downsizing the hassles of this activity. Some can even go the length of preparing for it at least three months before the holidays.

Some people never have to worry about buying for gifts. Can you imagine having a closet of stuff always ready to be given out for various occasions? Yes, these cases exist. But you don’t have to really succumb to such almost-paranoid acts. Following the simple but noble tips above will do.

About the author: David Arnold Livingston does all his gift shopping online without stress and recommends the gift directory: http://www.rggift.com/

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Historically, honey has been used as a folk remedy in cultures around the world for millennia. It has been prescribed informally as a cure for smallpox, baldness, eye diseases, and indigestion. It’s even been used as a contraceptive. As with most natural “cures” unsupported by scientific studies, I sort of chuckle and sigh when I read about things like this—honey may be a silly substitute for real medicine, but at least it’s not bloodletting. However, in this case, the bees may have the last laugh. It turns out that honey’s properties make it a surprisingly effective cure-all. Or, let’s say, cure-much.

Bee Fruitful and Multiply
Honey’s salutary effects stem primarily from its antimicrobial properties. Most bacteria and other microorganisms cannot grow or reproduce in honey. I found this quite surprising, because all things being equal, bacteria love sugar. Honey contains around 40% fructose and 30% glucose—among other sugars—making it seemingly a great treat for microbes. However, honey is also somewhat acidic, and acids prevent the growth of some bacteria. More importantly, honey does not provide the water and oxygen needed to support bacterial growth. Although honey contains a fair amount of water, it’s supersaturated with sugar—meaning the water is not available to the microorganisms.

So what happens when you dilute honey with water—the bacteria just multiply like crazy, right? Well…yes and no. Amazingly enough, diluted honey supports the growth of bacteria that are helpful to humans while killing off dangerous strains. Some microorganisms do indeed flourish in a dilute solution of honey—such as the yeast used to ferment it into mead. Also, certain types of beneficial bacteria that live in the human intestines and aid digestion do well in a mixture of honey and water. But honey also contains a substance called glucose oxidase. When combined with water and oxygen, glucose oxidase forms gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide—the very same stuff you probably have in your medicine cabinet right now. This means that diluted honey can serve as an excellent antiseptic, while being far less likely than ordinary hydrogen peroxide to harm already-damaged tissue.

Show Me the Honey
What does all this mean in practical terms? For one thing, it means that honey applied topically to a wound can promote healing just as well as, or in many cases better than, conventional ointments and dressings. Its antibacterial properties prevent infection. It also functions as an anti-inflammatory agent, reducing both swelling and pain. As if that weren’t enough, it even reduces scarring. In studies around the world, honey has been shown to be extraordinarily effective in the treatment of wounds, burns, and surgical incisions. Honey also functions as a moisturizer, making it a useful treatment for sunburn as well as a general-purpose skin softener.

But wait, there’s more! Honey is truly a head-to-toe cure. Honey has been shown to be effective in treating inflammation of the eyelid, some types of conjunctivitis, and keratitis (along with other forms of corneal damage). It can also, believe it or not, be used to treat athlete’s foot and other fungal infections.

A Spoonful of Sugar Is the Medicine
Lest you think that honey is only healthy if used on the outside of the body, it can help with a great many internal problems too. Thanks to its antimicrobial action, it not only soothes sore throats but can also kill the bacteria that sometimes cause them. Although research is inconclusive so far, there’s also the suggestion it could actually reduce tooth decay—all that sticky sugar notwithstanding. Moving down the esophagus and through the digestive tract, honey can help to heal ulcers and upset stomachs. It has also been proven to regulate intestinal function, alleviating both constipation and diarrhea. (In a similarly syzygial way, honey can be used both as a sleep aid and to increase alertness.) Honey also contains a variety of antioxidants, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Manuka honey, made from the flowers of the Manuka bush (Leptospermum scoparium), comes from New Zealand. Some varieties of Manuka honey contain an antibacterial component called UMF (Unique Manuka Factor), which has been found to be even more useful than ordinary honey in combating infections. Intriguingly, honey with UMF is even effective against many so-called “superbugs”—strains of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to multiple types of antibiotics. An Australian company called Medihoney has obtained the blessing of the Therapeutic Goods Administration (comparable to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) to sell this type of honey packaged as a dressing for wounds. The company also sells honey and honey-based products designed to treat digestive problems, oral irritations and sore throats, and even skin conditions such as psoriasis.

The Color of Honey
Now that you’ve worked yourself into a gleeful frenzy over the miraculous properties of honey, I want to temper your enthusiasm a bit. The bad news, if you can call it that, is that not all honey is created equal. The chemical composition of honey depends on a huge number of variables, the most important of which is the type or types of plant that provided the source nectar. Honeys vary not only in color and flavor, but in their medicinal properties, with some varieties being much more potent than others. Because it’s impossible to regulate the comings and goings of millions of bees, there’s also no way to guarantee that honey from any location will be chemically the same from year to year or free of contamination from pollutants the bees may have found their way into. Honey supplies must be tested thoroughly and regularly.

I should mention one other caveat: never feed honey to a child under one year of age. Honey sometimes contains Clostridium botulinum spores. Although they’re inactive in the honey itself, once inside a digestive tract they can multiply and cause a potentially fatal disease of the nervous system called infant botulism. By the time of a child’s first birthday, there are usually enough beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract to make it an inhospitable environment for Clostridium botulinum, meaning that honey can be eaten safely.

As I was reflecting on all the health benefits of honey, it suddenly occurred to me: I don’t think I’ve ever seen a sick bee. Coincidence? Probably. But honey may be one miracle cure that lives up to the buzz. —Joe Kissell

sources : http://joekissell.com/

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Make Summer Camps for Kids Fit Into Your Family’s Budget

With a little legwork and preparation, you can make your child a happy camper without depressing your bank account.

Day Camp Vs. Overnight Camp
Although there are many benefits to overnight camp, day camps are typically less expensive. They can run the same length of days as an overnight camp. You just drop your kids off in the morning and pick them up in the afternoon instead.

Day camp can be a perfect option for children who haven’t spent much time away from home. Moms and dads who’ve forked over hundreds of dollars or more for an overnight camp can be shocked when their camper who couldn’t wait to go away for two weeks is homesick the first night out of the house.

Summer Camp Scholarships
Many summer camps for kids offer scholarships to cover some or all of the camper’s costs. How to qualify depends on the type of camp your child wants to attend.

A traditional summer camp with crafts, swimming and nights around the campfire may or may not ask to see a parent’s tax return with the scholarship application. A music camp might want a recording of your child playing an instrument. A sports camp could require membership in that sport’s official organization. Each scholarship’s rules vary with some more relaxed than others.

Payment Plans
More summer camps are allowing parents to make several payments rather than one lump sum to reserve your child’s space. Many give you the option of starting payment plans months before summer camp begins so your bank account doesn’t take a massive hit right as you pack your child’s bags for camp.

Bargaining
Old-fashioned haggling is a tactic more summer camps are opening up to as families tighten their spending. You’ll never know if you can knock the price down if you don’t ask.

Prioritize your list of potential summer camps before you try to negotiate a lower rate. Call your number one choice. You have a better chance of bargaining with a real person on the other end of the line instead of through an email.

Early Bird Rates
Early bird rates are a wild card when it comes to the amount of money you can save. You’ll find early bird discounts as low as $5 at one summer camp or over $100 at another camp running the same amount of days.

“Early bird” can also mean a summer camp registration deadline as soon as December for the next year’s summer camp. It might be as late as the end of April.

Sibling Discount
The more the merrier for summer camps. That’s why they usually offer a sibling discount if you enroll two or more children at the same time.

Another strategy is to ask if the camp will allow a sibling discount if you send your child and a cousin or friend in the same age range. There are summer camps that would rather have the two kids on a sibling discount than lose both campers.

Online Registration
You won’t usually save a significant amount of money filling out your child’s summer camp registration online but every little bit helps. Look for summer camps that offer online registration discounts. Your typical savings will be $10 to $20.

Barter
Bartering can save you lots of money at summer camps for kids. There are several ways you can try to barter to get the camp costs down.

Summer camps need adult hands to help. Barter by volunteering your time to pitch in on certain days. Teach a craft. Cook food. Clean up.

Get creative when bartering. Your summer camp may need a brochure. Can you write it? Design it?

Do you know how to build a website? Would you volunteer to update the camp’s blog? Post pictures online?

Approach the camp as you would a business. Make a proposition to see if there’s a way you could get involved to help the summer camp and reduce the cost of sending your kids there.

Prorated Time
Love the camp but not the price? Ask if you can send your child to camp for a portion of the session.

To get a general idea of how much you could save, calculate the amount you would spend for a full week or two at summer camp. Start deducting that amount off the camp’s full session time to see how much your prorated fee would cost your family and how many days your child would actually get to attend.

Honor System
A newer option summer camps are presenting to parents is an honor system. For the same summer camp session, parents are given a range of fees. You choose your price based on how much you can comfortably afford.

All children get the same camp experience for the same amount of time. No one knows how much anyone else paid.

Look for Competition
Research the summer camps in your region. In cities where there are multiple summer camps, they’re fighting to get your child to enroll in their program. This can work to your advantage with more discounts and bargaining opportunities.

Dependent Care Flexible Spending Account
If your or your spouse’s employer offers daycare expenses, check to see if a dependent care flexible spending account may help your family pay for summer camp. There are many IRS rules associated with a dependent care flexible spending account so be sure to talk with your accountant before making a decision.

sources : about.com

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I thought it was time to write this article because of a kitchen disaster that happened to me! I had promised friends some Pecan Pie Bars for their open house and was trying a new recipe (note to self: follow your own advice and don’t try a new recipe at a crucial time!!). The recipe seemed perfect, went together well, smelled terrific, and came out of the oven looking delicious. I let the bars cool, then pulled out a platter and cut the bars to arrange them. And discovered that the bottom crust had disappeared during baking, and instead of a two crust bar, they consisted of a crunchy topping over pecan pie filling. It was very difficult getting the bars out of the pan, and when I put them on the platter they stuck. And they pulled in half when I tried taking them off the platter. I was ready to chuck the whole thing when the solution came to me. I just turned the bars upside down so the crunchy top was the new bottom crust and sprinkled toasted pecans over the new top (former bottom). They were a smash!

• SOUP OR STEW TOO SALTY
  Make sure you never measure seasonings right over the pot or bowl. It’s just too easy for your hand to slip, the cat to run under your legs, or someone to startle you. If it’s already happened, we used to think that adding a raw cut up potato added to the soup would absorb much of the additional salt, but recent research has disproven this. Really the only way to diminish the salt is to add more of the other ingredients to the soup; in other words, add more of every ingredient except the salt. This is also the only way to fix recipes when you’ve added too much hot sauce, Tabasco, cayenne pepper, or chilies.
• HARD COOKED EGGS WON’T PEEL
  If the shell sticks to your hard cooked eggs, try putting the eggs in a bowl of very cold water. Then gently tap the eggs against the side of the bowl under the water. Water will seep in through the cracks and loosen the shell from the egg. The peel should come off more easily in a few minutes.
• BROKEN CAKES OR COOKIES
  When the cake breaks when you remove it from the pan or cookies are crumbling, turn your disaster into a trifle or parfait. Just layer the pieces with sweetened whipped cream and some fresh fruit in a glass bowl or individual glasses and chill until serving time.
• SOGGY VEGETABLES
  If your vegetables have been overcooked and are limp and olive green, just whizz them in the blender or food processor with a little bit of cream or butter. Pureed veggies are very trendy right now and no one will be the wiser. You can also add more cream and turn the veggies into a cream soup.
• CRACKED CHEESECAKE
  If your cheesecake cracks on top, top it with a fruit topping, chocolate sauce, sour cream or whipped cream. So that doesn’t happen next time, put a pan full of water on the rack below your cheesecake while it’s baking in the oven. Also run a knife around the crust to loosen it from the pan when you remove it from the oven. Sometimes cheesecakes will just crack and there’s nothing you can do about it!
• SAUCE BURNED ON BOTTOM
  Remove the pan from the heat immediately! Don’t stir. Place the bottom of the pan into a sink full of cold water to stop the cooking. Don’t stir the sauce! Pour the top 3/4 of it into a new pan, leaving the burned part behind. Taste the sauce. It might still be okay, but if you detect any burned flavor, you’ll have to throw it away and start over.
• LUMPY GRAVY
  Pour the gravy through a sieve into another saucepan. Don’t press the gravy through – just let it drip through the sieve.
• CANDY WON’T SET
  When you’re making cooked candy and it just won’t set, add a few tablespoons of cream, return it to the heat, bring it to a boil and cook to the correct temperature as specified in the recipe. Cooked candies are simply concentrated sugar solutions. Removing more liquid by boiling is the only way to fix this problem.
• BREAD BAKING PROBLEMS
  For lots of help troubleshooting bread making problems, visit: Bread Machine Troubleshooting.
• RUNNY FROSTING
  When faced with runny frosting, your first thought is to add tons more confectioner’s sugar. But if the frosting is really runny, you probably don’t have enough sugar to fix it. Divide the frosting in half and add confectioner’s sugar to half of it. You’ll have a better chance of thickening it this way.
• PIE PROBLEMS
  For an excellent list of pie help, see my lesson Pie Crust 101 and Step by Step Pastry, along with All Recipes Pie Troubleshooting Tips
• HARDENED CHOCOLATE
  If you are melting chocolate and it suddenly becomes hard and grainy (seizes), chances are liquid got into the chocolate. You can smooth it out by adding a teaspoon of plain cooking oil or solid shortening per ounce of chocolate and heating gently while stirring.
• COOKIE PROBLEMS
  To fix broken, burned, soft, hard, or uneven cookies, see Fix Cookie Problems
• SEPARATING EGGS
  If you are separating eggs and a bit of yolk gets into the white, take a piece of egg shell to scoop out the yolk. This works much better than using a spoon or your fingers. When you are separating large numbers of eggs, crack each one over a small bowl, separate the yolk from the white, then pour the white into a larger bowl with the others. This will prevent contaminating the whole bowl with one broken yolk.
• CAKE STICKS TO PAN
  Make sure to grease the cake pan using shortening or butter that is UNSALTED. Salted shortening will make the cake stick. Try returning the cake to the oven for 3-4 minutes until the pan is hot. Then place the hot pan on top of a wet kitchen towel for about a minute. Or you can spin the cake pan on a stove burner for a few seconds to heat the bottom. Also see Cake Science, my explanation of how the ingredients in cakes work together, along with Troubleshooting Butter Cakes.
• GENERAL ADVICE
  • Read the recipe before you begin cooking.
  • Make sure you have all the ingredients on hand. Or see Equivalents and Substitutions.
  • Get in the habit of setting a timer five minutes less than the recipe suggests. And carry the timer with you if you leave the kitchen!
  • Never measure any ingredient over the mixing bowl or saucepan.
  • Test your oven accuracy using an oven thermometer.

Do you have a food disaster tip or question? Send an email my way and I’ll add it to this list.

Linda

sources : www.about.com

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Background

T-shirts are durable, versatile garments with mass appeal that may be worn as outerwear or underwear. Since their creation in 1920, T-shirts have evolved into a two-billion dollar market. T-shirts are available in a variety of colors, patterns, and styles, such as the standard crew neck and V-neck, as well as tank tops and scoop necks. T-shirt sleeves may be short or long, capped, yoked, or raglan. Additional features include pockets and decorative trim. T-shirts are also popular garments on which to display one’s interests, tastes, and affiliations using customized screen prints or heat transfers. Printed shirts may feature political slogans, humor, art, sports, as well as famous people and places. T-shirts are also inexpensive promotional vehicles for products and special events.

T-shirts fit just about anyone in any size, from infants to seniors. Adult sizes are generally small, medium, large, and extra-large, while sizes for toddlers are detennined by month and weight. In addition, to compensate for the larger heads of infants relative to their bodies, shirts are specially designed with shoulder openings that may be fastened with buttons or snaps.

Raw Material

The majority of T-shirts are made of 100% cotton, polyester, or a cotton/polyester blend. Environmentally conscious manufacturers may use organically grown cotton and natural dyes. Stretchable T-shirts are made of knit fabrics, especially jerseys, rib knits, and interlock rib knits, which consist of two ribbed fabrics that are joined together. Jerseys are most frequently used since they are versatile, comfortable, and relatively inexpensive. They also are a popular material for applying screen prints and heat transfers. Some jerseys come in tubular form, simplifying the production process by reducing the number of seams. Rib knit fabrics are often used when a snugger fit is desired. Many higher quality T-shirts are made of durable interlock rib knit fabrics.

Neckbands add support to the garment and give the neckline of the T-shirt a more finished look. Neckbands are generally one-by-one inch rib knits, although heavier fabrics or higher quality T-shirts may require two-by-two rib knits. Neckband fabrics may be tubed rib knits of specific widths, or flat fabric that must be seamed. Additional T-shirt materials include tape or seam binding, made of a twill or another stiff fabric. Binding reinforces the neckline and shoulder seams and by covering the seams, it protects them from ripping apart under tension. Alternatively, elastic may be used at the shoulder seams so they remain flexible.

Thread is of course an essential element in sewing any garment. Several types and colors of thread may be used to make a single T-shirt. Some manufacturers use white thread for seams on all their shirts, regardless of color, thus eliminating the extra labor involved in changing the thread. Visible topstitching is done with a color of thread that blends with the fabric. Colorless, or monofilament, thread could be used for hems of any color fabric, again eliminating the need to change thread often, though monofilament thread may irritate the skin somewhat. Finally, optional decorative features may include trim, such as braiding,

Making T-shirts is a fairly simple and largely automated process. Specially designed machines integrate cutting, assembling, and stitching for the most efficient operations.

contrasting cuffs, appliqués, and heat transfer or screen print designs.

The Manufacturing Process

Making T-shirts is a fairly simple and largely automated process. Specially designed machines integrate cutting, assembling, and stitching for the most efficient operations. The most commonly used seams for T-shirts are narrow, superimposed seams, which are usually made by placing one piece of fabric onto another and lining up the seam edges. These seams are frequently stitched with an overedge stitch, which requires one needle thread from above and two looper threads from below. This particular seam and stitch combination results in a flexible finished seam.

Another type of seam that may be used for T-shirts are bound seams, in which a narrow piece of fabric is folded around a seam, as at the neckline. These seams may be stitched together using a lockstitch, chainstitch, or overedge stitch. Depending on the style of the T-shirt, the order in which the garment is assembled may vary slightly.

Styling

• 1 The T-shirt style is designed and the dimensions are transferred to patterns. Adjustments are made for size differences and stylistic preferences.

Cutting

• 2 The T-shirt sections are cut to the dimensions of the patterns. The pieces consist of a tubed body, or separate front and back sections, sleeves, perhaps pockets, and trim.

Assembling the front and back

• 3 For fabric that is not tubed, the separate pieces for the front and back sections must be stitched together at the sides. They are joined at the seam lines to form a simple, narrow, superimposed seam and stitched together using an overedge stitch. Care must be taken to avoid a needle cutting the yarn of the fabric, which can lead to tears in the garment.

Assembling the sleeves

• 4 The hems of sleeves are generally finished before they are fitted into the garment, since it is easier to hem the fabric while it is flat. An automated system moves the sleeves to the sewing head by conveyor. The edge may be finished by folding it over, forming the hem and stitching, or by applying a band. The band may be attached as a superimposed seam or folded over the edge as binding.
• 5 If the T-shirt body is tubular, the sleeve material is first sewn together, and then set into the garment. Alternatively, if the T-shirt is “cut and sewn,” the unseamed sleeve is set into place. Later during the final stage of sewing the shirt, the sleeve and side seams are sewn in one action.

Stitching the hem

• 6 The garment hem is commonly sewn with an overedge stitch, resulting in a flexible hem. The tension of the stitch should be loose enough to allow stretching the garment without tearing the fabric. Alternative hem styles include a combination of edge finishing stitches.

Adding pockets

• 7 Pockets may be sewn onto T-shirts intended for casual wear. Higher quality T-shirts will insert an interlining into the pocket so that it maintains its shape. The interlining is inserted into the pocket as it is sewn onto the T-shirt front. Pockets may be attached to the garment with automated setters, so the operator only has to arrange the fabric pieces, and the mechanical setter positions the pocket and stitches the seam.

Stitching the shoulder seams

• 8 Generally, shoulder seams require a simple superimposed seam. Higher quality T-shirt manufacturers may reinforce seams with tape or elastic. Depending on the style of the T-shirt, the seams at the shoulder may be completed before or after the neckband is attached. For instance, if a tubular neckband is to be applied, the shoulder seams must first be closed.

Attaching the neckband

• 9 For crew neck shirts, the neck edge should be slightly shorter in circumference than the outer edge where it is attached to the garment. Thus, the neckband must be stretched just the right amount to prevent bulging. Tubular neckbands are applied manually. The bands are folded, wrong sides together, stretched slightly, and aligned with the neckline. The superimposed seam is stitched with an overedge stitch.Bound seams are finished with a cover stitch and are easy to achieve. Bound seams may be used on a variety of neckline styles. The process entails feeding ribbed fabric through machines which fold the fabric and apply tension to it.Some neckbands on lower-priced shirts are attached separately to the front and back necklines of the garment. Thus when the shoulder seams are stitched, seams are visible on the neckband.

  V-necks require the extra step of either lapping or mitering the neckband. In the former process, one side is folded over the other. A mitered seam is more complex, requiring an operator to overlap the band accurately and stitch the band at center front. An easier method for a V-neck look is to attach the band to the neckline and then sew a tuck to form a V.

Finishing the neckline

• 10 Necklines with superimposed seams may be taped, so that the shirt is stronger and more comfortable. Tape may be extended across the back and over the shoulder seams to reinforce this area as well and to flatten the seam. The seam is then cover stitched or top stitched.

Label setting

• 11 One or more labels are usually attached at the back of the neckline. Labels provide information about the manufacturer, size, fabric content, and washing instructions.

Optional features

• 12 Some T-shirts will have trim or screen prints added for decorative purposes. Special T-shirts for infants have larger openings at the head. The shoulder seams are left open near the neck, and buttons or other fasteners are attached.

Finishing operations

• 13 T-shirts are inspected for flaws in the fabric, stitching, and thread.
• 14 High-quality T-shirts may be pressed through steam tunnels before they are packaged. Packaging depends on the type of T-shirt and the intended distribution outlet. For underwear, the shirts are folded and packaged in pre-printed bags, usually of clear plastic, that list information about the product. Shirts may be boarded, or folded around a piece of cardboard, so that they maintain their shape during shipping and on the shelf. Finally, they are placed into boxes by the dozen or half-dozen.

Quality Control

Most of the operations in manufacturing clothing are regulated by federal and inter-national guidelines. Manufacturers may also set guidelines for the company. There are standards that apply specifically to the T-shirt industry, which include proper sizing and fit, appropriate needles and seams, types of stitches, and the number of stitches per inch. Stitches must be loose enough to allow the garment to stretch without breaking the seam. Hems must be flat and wide enough to prevent curling. T-shirts must also be inspected for proper application of neck-lines, which should rest flat against the body. The neckline should also recover properly after being slightly stretched.

Future

Exposure to sun’s harmful rays has become a concern to many people who enjoy outdoor activities. In addition to sunscreen and sun glasses, sun-blocking T-shirts are now available. Founded by Harvey Schakowsky, SPF Wear company has introduced a line of clothing, including T-shirts, that blocks out 93-99% of ultraviolet rays. A typical T-shirt blocks out only 50% of the rays. Using a fabric called Solarweave, these new T-shirts are made out of synthetically woven nylon treated with a special chemical substance.

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John Coker has always enjoyed building things that explode and after a friend mentioned that his creations looked like Crayola crayons he started building the crayon-shaped rockets.

Mr Coker started building the colourful rockets in 1998 as one of his first projects.

John Coker in Nevada’s Black Rock desert where he tested his crayon rockets

Work resumed in August 2004, and more than six years later, the project was finally completed.

He recently headed out to Nevada’s Black Rock desert to test them out.

Based on the small eight-pack of crayons, the three-and-a-half foot long rockets were launched from a box designed to look like the classic yellow and green Crayola box.

But, despite looking like child’s play, the mission was only a partial success with just four of the eight rockets blasting into the sky.

Inexplicably, the green, brown, yellow and orange crayons remained in the box.

Of the four rockets that went off, the violet crayon was found with a broken fin.The other three were found without major damage.

The wacky inventor stands proudly with his rockets

Inexplicably, the green, brown, yellow and orange crayons remained in the box

Mr Coker has hinted that he will test the crayon-shaped rockets again.

Mr Coker said: ‘I used to enjoy building rockets when I was a kid, but after a 20-year absence I found a much-expanded hobby with much larger, more exciting and more dangerous rockets for bigger boys.

‘Since a friend pointed out that my rockets looked like a crayon, I’ve had the idea in back of my mind to build a crayon rocket.

‘Not just a crayon rocket, but a pack of Crayola crayon rockets.

‘On the day, the crayons went pretty high and we think they got to 2928 feet.

‘This was a great project and the flight was a crowd pleaser. It was a shame that only four of the rockets flew.’

It would seem the rockets are a one-off and given the length of time it took Mr Coker to make one pack, you can see why.

Preparing for launch: Mr Coker makes final adjustments to the project he started in 1998

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Well don’t be discouraged. The following are stories of other people who were told the same thing or something similar and went on to be major successes! You might just recognize a

The Vice President of Columbia told this actor that he was never going to make it in the business. The actor? – Harrison Ford

His first book was rejected by 12 publishing houses and sixteen agents. – John Grisham

Turned down by a recording company saying “We don’t like their sound and guitar music is on the way out” They were talking about the Beatles

Was told by his father that he would amount to nothing and be a disgrace to himself and his family – Charles Darwin

Told by a music teacher “as a composer he is hopeless” – Beethoven

Was told that “he couldn’t sing at all” Enrico Caruso

Fired from a newspaper because he “lacked imagination and had no original ideas” – Walt Disney

Were told by Publishers that “anthologies didn’t sell” and the book was “too positive”

Rejected a total of 140 times. The book? Chicken Soup for the Soul. It now has 65 different titles and has sold over 80 million copies all over the world.

Told by a teacher he was “too stupid to learn anything” Thomas Edison

Failed the sixth grade – Winston Churchill

Wasn’t able to speak until he was almost 4 years old and his teachers said he would “never amount to much” – Albert Einstein

Did poorly in school and failed at running the family farm – Isaac Newton

Was not allowed to wait on customers in the store he worked in because “he didn’t have enough sense” – F. W. Woolworth

Was cut from the high school basketball team, went home, locked himself in his room and cried – Michael Jordan

Producer told her she was “unattractive” and could not act – Marilyn Monroe

This book was rejected 18 times before it was published. It then sold over one million copies the first year. The book was Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach

Auditioned for All My Children and got rejected – Julia Roberts

Received 30 rejections and the author threw it in the trash. Luckily his wife fished it out again and encouraged him to resubmit it. The book was Carrie – the author Stephen King

As you can see, these are just a few of the people who refused to listen to the criticism or the

“experts”.

If they could do it – so can you!

sources : www.associatedcontent.com

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